The context: In A.D. 484, the Arian king Huneric called an assembly of
African bishops at Carthage. The verse, 1 John v.7f, was insisted upon
by Eugenius, bishop of Carthage. It was cited That it may
appear more clear than the light that the divinity of the Father, the
Son, and the Holy Spirit is one, see it proved by the Evangelist St.
John, who writes thus: there are three which bear record in heaven, the
Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit, and these Three are one.
In his Horae Biblicae (1817) Charles Butler says "The opposers of
The Verse remark, 1st, That the unanimous testimony of the four hundred bishops, by no means proves that The Verse
was in all their copies, and 2dly, That, as no dispute took place, but
the conference was broken up immediately, the sullen silence of the
Arians, is merely an invention of Mr. Travis."
Butler responded with 12 points to this argument of the opposers:
- The catholic bishops were summoned to a conference; so that they
expected, -and it certainly was highly probable,-that their tenets, and
the proofs they should adduce of them, would be strongly attacked:
- This circumstance must have made them very cautious of what they
inserted in their proposed confession:
- Particularly, as all power was in the hands of their angry and
watchful adversaries:
- Of course, though they might, and from the nature of the case, must
have inserted in the confession, some things, at which they knew the
Arians would cavil, they would not
have inserted in it anything, which, by merely asking a plain
question, the Arian could prove to be a palpable falsehood:
- Now, -if the Arians could, with truth, have said, to the catholic
bishops, what the present opposers of The Verse say, --The Verse is in no
Greek copy, --it is in few only of your own copies:--Can you even assert
the contrary? What could the catholic bishops have replied? --If we are
to believe the adversaries of The Verse, the bishops could hold out no
Greek copy, --no ancient Latin copy, --no ancient father,--where The
Verse was to be found:
- On this supposition, therefore, --instantly and on the very spot,
the Arians could have shewn the spuriousness of The Verse, and have
convicted the bishops of a palpable falsehood:
- And this, at a time and in a situation, when the eyes of all the
christian world were upon them:
- Now, --is it probable the catholic bishops would have exposed
themselves to such immediate and indelible infamy?
- Particularly, as it was volunteering it: --for their producing The
Verse was a mere voluntary act:--their cause did not depend on it; long
treatises had been written by the ancient defenders of the Trinity, in
which The Verse had not been mentioned:
- Consequently,--when the catholic bishops produced The Verse, they
could have no fear that any such proof positive of its spuriousness could
be dashed upon them:
- Therefore,--they knew, either that The Verse could not be attacked,
--or that, if attacked, they could produce Greek copies, ancient Latin
copies, and ancient fathers in its defense.
- It is observable that the greatest part of the catholic prelates who
assisted at this conference, suffered, for their steady adherence to their
faith, the severest persecution.--In the language of Mr. Gibbon (ch. 38.),
"Three hundred and two of them were banished to
different parts of Africa, exposed to the insults of their
enemies, and carefully deprived of all the temporal and
spiritual comforts of life. Gundamund, the nephew and immediate
successor of Huneric, appeared to emulate and even to surpass
the cruelty of his uncle. At length he relented and recalled
the bishops. Thrasimund, his brother and immediate successor,
prohibited by a law, any episcopal ordination; and their
disobedience was punished by a second exile of two hundred and
twenty bishops into Sardinia, where they languished fifteen
years."
Surely it is improbable, that men who could undergo such persecutions
and sufferings for their belief of the consubstantiality of the Son,
would introduce a spurious verse into His word.
This appears to me the chain of argument deducible in favour of the
authenticity of The Verse, from this confession of the African bishops.
--Charles Butler to Rev. Herbert Marsh, in Horae Biblicae(London:
printed for W. Clarke & Sons, 1817) p. 403-406.